Examen Resuelto Selectividad EVAU UCLM Inglés 2018/2019

PROPUESTA A

I. READING COMPREHENSION

1. FALSE: "More and more middle-aged men are trying to stay healthy through triathlons. They are events that combine swimming, running and cycling. Triathlons have grown very popular in the last five years, especially with men who are over 40."

   • Reasoning: The text explicitly states that triathlons are popular among men over 40, contradicting the statement that participants must be under 40.

2. FALSE: "In the Olympics the distances became shorter and those athletes who did not want to struggle for 12 hours could also take part."

   • Reasoning: The text indicates that triathlon distances were reduced in the Olympics, making it more accessible and less demanding, not harder.

3. TRUE: "More and older marathon runners have switched to the triathlon because they do not want to risk further injuries. Your knees get worse in long distance races and swimming and cycling takes a lot of pressure off them."

   • Reasoning: The passage directly compares the impact of running and triathlon on the knees, stating that running causes more damage, while triathlon, with its swimming and cycling components, reduces knee strain.

4. FALSE: "Triathlon is not a cheap sport and many young men cannot afford it. An ambitious athlete preparing for an “Ironman” needs a year of training, fitness articles, wet suits, helmets and other things."

   • Reasoning: The text clearly mentions that triathlon is expensive and requires various equipment, suggesting that not everyone can afford to participate.

II. LEXICON / PHONETICS

A. LEXICON

1. Make great efforts: "struggle"

   • Reasoning: "Struggle" implies making significant efforts to achieve something difficult, aligning with the definition provided.

2. Useful hints or ideas: "tips"

   • Reasoning: "Tips" in this context refers to practical advice or suggestions, fitting the definition of useful hints or ideas.

3. Be financially able: "afford"

   • Reasoning: "Afford" means having enough money to pay for something, which is the same as being financially able.

4. Coverings worn on the head for protection: "helmets"

   • Reasoning: "Helmets" are protective headgear, matching the description given.

B. PHONETICS

1. Pronunciation of "-ed" in "finished": /t/

   • Reasoning: In "finished," the "-ed" follows a voiceless consonant (/ʃ/), so it is pronounced as /t/.

2. Pronunciation of "a" in "race": /eɪ/

   • Reasoning: The "a" in "race" has the same sound as the "a" in "name" or "face," which is the diphthong /eɪ/.

3. Pronunciation of "th" in "healthy": /θ/

   • Reasoning: The "th" in "healthy" represents the voiceless dental fricative, as in "thin" or "bath."

4. Word with the sound / ᴐː /: "sport", "more", "stores", "short", "marathon", "afford"

   • Reasoning: All these words contain the same vowel sound, which is a long, open-mid back rounded vowel.

III. USE OF ENGLISH

1. These letters must be sent this afternoon.

   • Reasoning: This transformation changes the sentence from active to passive voice while maintaining the original meaning and tense. "Must send" becomes "must be sent."

2. Please, stop telling any more lies.

   • Reasoning: The verb "stop" is followed by a gerund (-ing form) when it means to cease an action. "Telling" is the gerund form of "tell."

3. If we had bought the tickets in advance, we wouldn't have missed the concert.

   • Reasoning: This is a third conditional sentence, used to express a hypothetical situation in the past. The structure is "If + past perfect, would have + past participle."

4. He asked Mary what time she had done the shopping.

   • Reasoning: This sentence transforms direct speech into reported speech. The tense shifts back in time ("did" becomes "had done"), and the question form is changed to a statement.

5. It´s the first time we have tasted this kind of food.

   • Reasoning: This sentence uses a common phrase to express that something is a new experience. "It's the first time" is followed by the present perfect tense.

6. I wish I had a good computer.

   • Reasoning: "I wish" is used to express a desire for something different in the present. The structure is "I wish + past simple."

PROPUESTA B

I. READING COMPREHENSION

1. FALSE: "Recently I read Nineteen Eighty-Four, a great novel by George Orwell set in a totalitarian state where even the language they use is controlled. Adjectives are forbidden and instead they use phrases such as 'ungood', 'plus good' and 'double plus good' to express emotions."

   • Reasoning: The text clearly states that adjectives are forbidden in the society depicted in the novel, contradicting the claim that all types of words are allowed.

2. FALSE: "I often use them to emphasise something, or not to seem too serious, or because this specific GIF (animated images) conveys my emotions much better than I ever could using just words."

   • Reasoning: The writer explicitly mentions that GIFs can convey emotions better than words, meaning they do not think GIFs cannot express feelings.

3. TRUE: "English has the largest vocabulary in the world, with over one million words, but who's to say what it'll be like in the future?"

   • Reasoning: The passage directly states that English has the largest vocabulary among all languages.

4. TRUE: "Pictures have the ability to transcend time and language. Images, be it cave paintings or emojis, allow us to convey a universal message."

   • Reasoning: The text emphasizes that pictures can communicate across different languages and time periods, implying that a shared language is not necessary to understand them.

II. LEXICON / PHONETICS

A. LEXICON

1. Perceived, understood: "realised"

   • Reasoning: "Realised" in this context means to become aware of or understand something, aligning with the given definition.

2. To give importance: "emphasise"

   • Reasoning: "Emphasise" means to give special importance or prominence to something.

3. Become smaller: "shrink"

   • Reasoning: "Shrink" means to become or make something smaller in size or amount.

4. Send: "convey"

   • Reasoning: In this context "convey" is used to express how emojis and GIFs "send" or transmit a message.

B. PHONETICS

1. Pronunciation of "-s" in "emotions": /z/

   • Reasoning: The final "-s" in "emotions" follows a voiced sound (/n/), so it is pronounced as /z/.

2. Pronunciation of "ee" in "seem": /i:/

   • Reasoning: The "ee" in "seem" has the same sound as in "see" or "meet," which is the long vowel /i:/.

3. Word with the diphthong /aɪ/: "write", "like", "time"

   • Reasoning: In all these words, there is a diphthong made by a glide from an open central unrounded vowel to a near-close front unrounded vowel.

4. Word with the sound /ɵ/: "thought", "thousands"

   • Reasoning: Both words contain the voiceless dental fricative sound.

III. USE OF ENGLISH

1. If Michael's school offered that subject, he would study it.

   • Reasoning: This is a second conditional sentence, used to express a hypothetical situation in the present or future. The structure is "If + past simple, would + base form."

2. My grandmother didn't use to know how to use a mobile phone one year ago.

   • Reasoning: "Didn't use to" is used to talk about past habits or states that are no longer true.

3. I wish Susan had seen it.

   • Reasoning: "I wish" can be followed by the past perfect to express regret about something that happened or didn't happen in the past.

4. I've been using this application for two years.

   • Reasoning: The present perfect continuous tense ("have been using") is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present.

5. Although they speak really good English, they have problems communicating with some people in Scotland.

   • Reasoning: "Although" introduces a contrast. The sentence structure remains similar, with the main clause expressing the difficulty in communication despite good English skills.

6. I had my car fixed yesterday.

   • Reasoning: "Had something done" is a causative structure, indicating that someone arranged for someone else to do something for them.